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Officer compliance, module completion, and assessment records — Law Enforcement Training Platform.

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Module 1 — Search & Seizure

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968)	Case Law	Investigative stop requires individualized reasonable articulable suspicion of criminal activity; protective frisk requires separate officer safety justification grounded in specific articulable facts — not a general hunch.
Commonwealth v. Enimpah, 630 Pa. 357 (2014)	Case Law	Odor of marijuana may establish probable cause under totality of circumstances in Pennsylvania; courts scrutinize whether officer testimony is specific, credible, and documented — not conclusory.
Rodriguez v. United States, 575 U.S. 348 (2015)	Case Law	Traffic stop may not be extended beyond the time needed to complete its original mission without independent reasonable suspicion; timeline documentation essential when K9 or additional investigative steps are involved.
Pa. Const. Art. I, § 8	Statute	Pennsylvania Constitution provides broader search-and-seizure protections than the federal Fourth Amendment floor in certain circumstances; state courts may apply stricter standards.
MTPD ALO 1.2 — Vehicle Searches	MTPD Order	Probable cause alone, without accompanying exigent circumstances, does not justify a warrantless vehicle search in Pennsylvania. Authorized exceptions: consent, plain view, officer safety frisk of passenger compartment, or exigent circumstances not created by officer action.
MTPD ALO 1.2 — Consent Searches	MTPD Order	Consent must be documented on the Search and Seizure Consent Form (Attachment D) or captured on mobile vehicle camera. If neither is used, officer must provide a detailed written explanation in the incident report. Undocumented consent is legally vulnerable consent.
MTPD ALO 1.2 — Crime Scene Searches	MTPD Order	"There is no crime scene exception to the search warrant requirement." First-on-scene obligation is to preserve and secure. Warrantless residential entry requires consent, probable cause with specific exigent circumstances, or hot pursuit. When in doubt — secure the scene, get the warrant.
MTPD ALO 1.2 — Inventory Searches	MTPD Order	Inventory searches conducted on all vehicles in department impound; must be documented on Vehicle Inventory Report form. Officers shall NOT conduct inventory searches when the sole purpose is to find evidence — this circumvents the warrant requirement. If evidence is discovered, stop and secure a warrant before continuing.
MTPD ALO 2.1 — MDVARS Recording	MTPD Order	Mandatory recording for all vehicle stops, pedestrian stops, vehicle searches, and significant law enforcement activity. Officers must provide disclosure statement to subjects. All recordings retained minimum 90 days. Erasing or altering any recording is strictly prohibited.

Module 2 — Use of Force

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386 (1989)	Case Law	Objective reasonableness standard for all force decisions, judged from the perspective of a reasonable officer on scene. Three mandatory factors: (1) severity of the crime, (2) immediacy of threat to officers or others, (3) whether subject is actively resisting or evading. All three must appear explicitly in every Use of Force Report.
Pennsylvania Acts 57 & 59 of 2020	Statute	Act 57 created a statewide database of officer separation and disciplinary records — final discipline for excessive force follows an officer between departments. Act 59 mandates annual training in use of force and de-escalation. When in doubt, document.
MTPD ALO 1.3 — Use of Force Continuum	MTPD Order	Eight-level continuum; sequential progression not required — levels may be skipped given circumstances. Carotid restraints and all choke holds / neck restraints strictly prohibited except when facing imminent death or serious bodily injury with no other alternative available. Force ends immediately when resistance ceases or arrest is accomplished.
MTPD ALO 1.3 — UoF Reporting Requirements	MTPD Order	Report (Attachment A) required when: firearm is discharged; action results in injury or death; physical force is used or alleged; Level 3 force is applied; or force exceeds Level 4. Must be completed before end of shift. Supervisor notification and scene response required. Medical attention (EMS) required when injury is known, suspected, or alleged — regardless of subject\'s claim.

Module 3 — Report Writing

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386 (1989)	Case Law	Documentation standard: courts evaluate whether a reasonable officer with specific training and experience, facing the specific documented facts, would reach the same conclusion. Conclusions fail cross-examination. Specific articulable facts survive it.
MTPD ALO 1.3 — UoF Report Separation	MTPD Order	Use of Force Report (Attachment A) is a strictly internal management document. Shall NOT be attached to regular incident or supplemental reports under any circumstances. Shall not be released outside the department without specific Chief of Police authorization. Must be completed before end of shift.
MTPD ALO 4.13 — DV Narrative Checklist	MTPD Order	Every DV incident report narrative must address 12 mandatory elements when applicable: victim\'s second address; relationship; date/time/intoxication; weapons; injuries observed; injuries reported but not observed; evidence establishing crime; arrest decision with detailed explanation if not arrested; crimes charged; bail conditions; children present and relocation; prior incidents.
MTPD ALO 3.05/3.06 — Evidence Documentation	MTPD Order	Property Record Form required for every evidence item received, completed before end of shift. Documents every chain of custody transaction — who had it, when, why it moved, and where. Paper packaging for all physical evidence; sealed with evidence tape; initialed across seal with date.
MTPD ALO 3.04 — Report Submission	MTPD Order	All reports completed before end of tour of duty and submitted to shift bin for supervisory approval. Applies to incident, arrest, use of force, and supplemental reports. Late submission requires supervisor authorization — not officer discretion.

Module 4 — Crisis Intervention

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
50 P.S. § 7302 — PA Mental Health Procedures Act	Statute	302 involuntary examination authorized when officer documents a recent overt act, attempt, or threat establishing clear and present danger to self or others. Past psychiatric history or general crisis alone does not satisfy the standard. Document every observed element specifically — let the facts carry the 302.
Pennsylvania Act 59 of 2020	Statute	Mandates annual training in use of force and de-escalation techniques, including techniques for interacting with individuals whose behavior indicates mental illness, intellectual disability, or autism. MTPD ALO 5.4 sets the operational requirement: consider and employ de-escalation where safe and feasible. Document de-escalation efforts with the same specificity used to document any use of force or authority.
MTPD ALO 4.07 — Juvenile Detention	MTPD Order	Juveniles shall not be detained in any cell housing adults. Secure detention limited to a maximum of 6 hours. Sight-and-sound separation from adult offenders required at all times. Continuous visual supervision by a sworn officer required. Fingerprints and photos taken for misdemeanor or felony offenses; records kept separate from adult records.
MTPD ALO 3.02 — Temporary Detention	MTPD Order	All detainees thoroughly searched before entry regardless of prior field search. Males, females, and juveniles under arrest must be separated by sight and sound. All firearms secured in designated lock boxes before entry. Detainees may not be left unsupervised for more than 10 minutes under any circumstances.

Module 5 — Domestic Violence Response

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
23 Pa. C.S. § 6102 — Protection From Abuse Act	Statute	Defines domestic violence and establishes civil and criminal remedies. A PFA order is an enforceable court order — violation is a criminal offense, not merely a civil matter. Protected parties cannot waive the order\'s protections on the subject\'s behalf.
18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(9) — Lautenberg Amendment	Statute	Federal firearm disability imposed on persons convicted of qualifying domestic violence misdemeanor or subject to a qualifying protective order. When a DV arrestee is subject to such an order, officers are not only authorized but required under ALO 4.13 to seize any firearms present.
MTPD ALO 4.13 — Approach Protocol	MTPD Order	DV responses: approach without lights or sirens within one block of reported location. Mandatory protocol — not a suggestion. Allows tactical assessment before contact and prevents alerting subjects who may escalate or flee.
MTPD ALO 4.13 — Mandatory Arrest Standard	MTPD Order	Officers shall arrest the primary aggressor when probable cause exists for Simple Assault or qualifying offense between household members or intimate partners. Victim consent is not a required element. If probable cause exists but arrest is not made, the narrative must contain a detailed explanation of the specific reasons.
MTPD ALO 4.13 — Mandatory Firearms Seizure	MTPD Order	When a DV arrestee is subject to a court order prohibiting firearm possession (PFA or similar), officers shall seize any firearms present. Each seized firearm documented on Property Record Form before end of shift: make, model, serial number, and full chain of custody from moment of seizure.
MTPD ALO 4.13 — Victim Notification Requirements	MTPD Order	Following DV arrest, officers shall provide the victim with the department\'s domestic violence resource card and advise them of: arraignment timeline, bail conditions, shelter services, and right to pursue a civil PFA order. Completion of all notifications documented in the incident report narrative.
MTPD ALO 4.13 — No Release Instead of Transport	MTPD Order	When a person is arrested and must be taken to a district judge for arraignment, officers shall never release the defendant in lieu of transport. Prohibition is absolute — no exception for officer workload, victim request, or subject cooperation.

Module 6 — Motor Vehicle Pursuits

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
Scott v. Harris, 550 U.S. 372 (2007)	Case Law	Officers do not violate the Fourth Amendment by taking action to end a dangerous high-speed pursuit threatening innocent lives, even when that action risks injury to the fleeing suspect. Legality of pursuit tactics is always evaluated against the totality of circumstances, including whether the pursuit itself was appropriate.
County of Sacramento v. Lewis, 523 U.S. 833 (1998)	Case Law	In high-speed pursuits, officers face Fourteenth Amendment substantive due process liability only when conduct shocks the conscience. Where officers have time to deliberate — including about whether to initiate or continue a pursuit — a higher standard may apply. Documented decision-making is the officer\'s protection.
MTPD ALO 4.02 — Immediate Notification	MTPD Order	Upon initiating a pursuit, officers shall immediately notify communications of: unit number, nature of offense, current direction, approximate speed, and vehicle description. Supervisor notification and authorization required from the moment a vehicle fails to stop — not after the pursuit is established.
MTPD ALO 4.02 — Two-Unit Maximum	MTPD Order	Maximum of two patrol units shall participate in any vehicle pursuit. This is a hard limit — not subject to supervisor override. Additional units shall not join. Stop stick deployment is the authorized road interdiction alternative, carried out by a unit not in active pursuit, with supervisor authorization.
MTPD ALO 4.02 — PIT Maneuvers Prohibited	MTPD Order	Precision Immobilization Technique (PIT) maneuvers are strictly prohibited under MTPD ALO 4.02. Prohibition is absolute — no circumstances, offense severity, or supervisor authorization level creates an exception. Stop sticks are the authorized vehicle interdiction alternative.
MTPD ALO 4.02 — Termination Criteria	MTPD Order	Officers and supervisors shall terminate pursuit when: (1) danger to officers or public outweighs need for immediate apprehension; (2) suspect\'s identity is known and arrest feasible by other means; (3) offense is a summary violation with feasible later arrest; or (4) a superior officer orders termination. Each termination decision documented with specific basis.
MTPD ALO 4.02 — Post-Pursuit Reporting	MTPD Order	Every pursuit requires documentation: basis for initiation, all notifications made, basis and time of termination, last known location and direction. On-duty supervisor completes Pursuit Review Form within 24 hours of any pursuit regardless of outcome.
MTPD ALO 4.02 — Stop Stick Authorization	MTPD Order	Stop sticks may be deployed only with supervisor authorization and only by a unit not actively in pursuit. Deploying unit must provide the pursuing unit with precise deployment location before deployment. The department-authorized alternative to additional pursuit units and PIT maneuvers.

Module 7 — Leadership & Supervision

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968)	Case Law	Individualized reasonable articulable suspicion required for each investigative stop. Group presence in a location does not supply the basis for individual stops. Running subjects without lawful basis creates Fourth Amendment violations and civil exposure — and models that behavior for junior officers watching.
18 Pa. C.S. § 3503 — Criminal Trespass	Statute	For a lawful trespass order, property must be posted with conspicuous signage, fenced in a manner designed to exclude intruders, or the subject must have received direct communication that entry is not permitted. Officers must verify these elements are met before taking enforcement action on a trespass complaint.
MTPD ALO 1.01 — Chain of Command	MTPD Order	All officers are expected to operate within the chain of command and support supervisory decisions in the field. Officers who identify concerns with a directive shall address them through proper channels — not in the field in front of personnel or the public. Senior officers carry responsibility for modeling this standard at every patrol contact.
PERF — Leadership & Supervisory Readiness Research	Research	Police Executive Research Forum: the top predictor of officer promotion to supervisory rank is demonstrated judgment in ambiguous situations. Teaching moments — brief, direct, one-on-one corrections at the patrol level — are among the highest-value supervisory actions available to senior officers.

Module 8 — Traffic Stops & Vehicle Contacts

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
Pennsylvania v. Mimms, 434 U.S. 106 (1977)	Case Law	An officer may order the driver of a lawfully stopped vehicle to exit the vehicle as a matter of course — no additional justification required. The government\'s interest in officer safety outweighs the de minimis intrusion. Authority attaches to the lawful stop itself.
Maryland v. Wilson, 519 U.S. 408 (1997)	Case Law	Extends Mimms to all occupants of a lawfully stopped vehicle. Officers may order passengers to exit without individualized justification. Authority exists independent of any additional suspicion — it attaches to the lawful stop.
Rodriguez v. United States, 575 U.S. 348 (2015)	Case Law	Stop prolonged beyond the time reasonably required to complete its mission — even by a de minimis amount — violates the Fourth Amendment absent reasonable suspicion of separate criminal activity. Does not restrict action on probable cause that independently develops during the lawful stop\'s execution.
Commonwealth v. Gary, 104 A.3d 1169 (Pa. 2014) — OVERRULED	Case Law	Overruled by Commonwealth v. Alexander (2020); retained for historical reference only. Pennsylvania no longer follows the broad federal automobile exception — a warrantless vehicle search now requires both probable cause AND exigent circumstances, and under Commonwealth v. Barr (2021) the odor of marijuana alone no longer establishes probable cause. Do not rely on Gary.

Module 9 — Emotional Intelligence

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
Goleman, D. — Emotional Intelligence (1995)	Research	Identifies five components of emotional intelligence: self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skill. In law enforcement patrol work, self-regulation and empathy are the two most operationally critical — self-regulation prevents escalation; empathy enables accurate reading of victim and subject states.
IACP — Victim Cooperation and Officer Demeanor Research	Research	International Association of Chiefs of Police: officer demeanor in the first 60 seconds of a victim contact is the strongest predictor of whether that victim will cooperate with the criminal justice process. Victims who experience the initial contact as controlling, skeptical, or dismissive are significantly less likely to provide statements, testify, or seek protective orders.
MTPD ALO 4.13 — Follow-Up Victim Contacts	MTPD Order	Follow-up welfare checks on DV victims prioritize safety assessment and victim engagement over documentation efficiency. Officers shall provide information about the victim advocate program and PFA process at every contact. A victim who leaves the contact better informed and feeling respected is more likely to cooperate with prosecution.

Module 10 — Evidence & Chain of Custody

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
Pa. Rules of Criminal Procedure, Rule 648	Statute	Physical evidence introduced at trial must be authenticated — its connection to the crime established through testimony. Chain of custody documentation is the foundation of authentication for all physical evidence. Officers who maintain complete custody records protect the admissibility of every item they collect.
MTPD ALO 3.05/3.06 — Evidence Handling	MTPD Order	Property Record Form required for every evidence item, completed before end of shift. All physical evidence packaged in paper (biological evidence requires breathability — no plastic); sealed with evidence tape; initialed across seal with date; labeled with RMS incident number, item number, and any hazard designation. Stored in temporary locker until property room access. The form is the chain — treat it as evidence itself.

Module 11 — Officer Wellness

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
Secondary Traumatic Stress — Clinical Research Literature	Research	STS is a documented physiological and psychological response to repeated exposure to the trauma of others. Law enforcement officers are among the highest-risk populations for STS, PTSD, and occupational depression. Officers die by suicide at rates significantly higher than line-of-duty deaths. Recognized indicators: emotional numbing, social withdrawal, cynicism, sleep disruption, increased alcohol use, intrusive thoughts, hypervigilance, and declining performance on calls.
MTPD Peer Support Program Policy	MTPD Order	Connects officers with trained peer counselors — fellow officers who have completed peer support training. Contacts are confidential within defined limits. Not a disciplinary matter; does not affect fitness-for-duty status. Confidentiality limits: imminent risk of harm to self or others; disclosure of a serious criminal offense; court order requiring disclosure. The correct first step for officers experiencing stress who are not in acute crisis.
MTPD Employee Assistance Program (EAP) Policy	MTPD Order	Free, confidential access to licensed mental health professionals for officers and immediate family members. Provided by an independent contractor outside the department chain of command — participation is not reported to supervisors. Sessions limited per policy year; long-term referrals available. Same confidentiality limits as peer support apply: imminent harm, serious criminal offense, or court order.

Module 12 — De-escalation: Legal Framework & CIT

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386 (1989)	Case Law	Objective reasonableness standard applied by Pennsylvania courts to ask not only whether force used was reasonable, but whether the officer took reasonable steps to avoid the need for force. An officer who bypasses available de-escalation when time and safety permitted faces scrutiny under this standard in any resulting civil or criminal proceeding.
50 P.S. § 7302 — PA Mental Health Procedures Act	Statute	In mental health contacts, the officer\'s approach — particularly whether de-escalation was employed — is part of the record when a 302 is initiated. Document de-escalation efforts with the same specificity used to document any other use of authority. The 302 standard: recent overt act, attempt, or threat establishing clear and present danger.
Pennsylvania Act 59 of 2020	Statute	Mandates annual statewide training in de-escalation techniques. MTPD ALO 5.4 sets the operational requirement: officers shall consider and employ de-escalation when safe and feasible before applying force. Officers who bypass available de-escalation when time and safety permitted create policy violations and legal exposure. Document techniques used, the subject's response, and the reason de-escalation was or was not continued.
MTPD ALO 5.4 — De-escalation Policy	MTPD Order	Officers shall consider and employ de-escalation techniques in all situations where it is safe and feasible before applying physical force. The safety and feasibility determination must be a genuine assessment — not a conclusion reached after the decision to use force was already made. Authorized techniques include: creating distance, calm verbal communication, giving subject space to choose, reducing officer presence when safe, designating a single contact officer, and requesting CIT or mental health resources when appropriate.

Module 1 — Search & Seizure

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968)	Case Law	Investigative stop requires individualized reasonable articulable suspicion; a protective frisk requires separate justification — reasonable suspicion the person is armed and dangerous. Refusal of consent neither eliminates Terry authority nor supplies suspicion.
Commonwealth v. Alexander, 243 A.3d 177 (Pa. 2020)	Case Law	Overruled Commonwealth v. Gary. Under Pa. Const. Art. I, § 8, a warrantless vehicle search requires both probable cause AND exigent circumstances — either alone is insufficient. Obtaining a warrant is the default.
Commonwealth v. Barr, 266 A.3d 25 (Pa. 2021)	Case Law	The odor of marijuana alone no longer establishes probable cause in Pennsylvania. Odor remains a legitimate factor in the totality of the circumstances.
Commonwealth v. Enimpah, 106 A.3d 695 (Pa. 2014)	Case Law	At a suppression hearing the Commonwealth bears the burden of production and persuasion to establish that evidence was lawfully obtained. Conclusory reports cannot carry that burden — specific, articulable documentation can.
Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218 (1973) / Florida v. Jimeno, 500 U.S. 248 (1991)	Case Law	Consent must be voluntary under the totality of circumstances; scope is measured by objective reasonableness. General vehicle consent does not automatically include a locked container — clarify scope or obtain specific consent.
Horton v. California, 496 U.S. 128 (1990)	Case Law	Plain view seizure requires lawful presence, an item in plain view, and incriminating character that is immediately apparent. Applies during consent searches and warrant executions alike.
Chimel v. California, 395 U.S. 752 (1969) / Arizona v. Gant, 556 U.S. 332 (2009)	Case Law	Search incident to arrest covers the person and the area within immediate control at arrest (a worn backpack qualifies). Gant sharply limits vehicle searches incident to arrest.
Pa. Const. Art. I, § 8	Statute	Pennsylvania provides broader search-and-seizure protection than the federal Fourth Amendment floor — the foundation of Alexander\u2019s probable-cause-plus-exigency rule.

Module 2 — Use of Force

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386 (1989)	Case Law	Objective reasonableness from the perspective of a reasonable officer on scene: severity of the crime, immediacy of the threat, active resistance or evasion. All three factors belong in every use of force report.
18 Pa. C.S. § 508 — Use of Force in Law Enforcement	Statute	Statutory authority and limits for police use of force, including deadly force. GO 1.3.1(A) ties the department\u2019s legally binding restrictions to Title 18, Chapter 5 and applicable case law.
GO 1.3.1(B) — Use of Force Continuum	EGPD Order	Eight levels beginning with Verbal Control. Escalation only when a lower level has been examined or discarded as impractical, or tried and failed; any level may be skipped given the presenting circumstances (1.3.1(C)(2)). Carotid restraints and choke holds strictly prohibited (Level 4).
GO 1.3.2 — Use of Deadly Force	EGPD Order	Deadly force only in defense of human life or imminent serious physical injury, or to prevent escape where the subject committed or attempted a forcible felony or possesses a deadly weapon or otherwise indicates they will endanger life unless arrested without delay.
GO 1.3.4 — Conducted Electrical Weapons	EGPD Order	Each discharge cycle is a separate use of force that must be justified. Prohibited near flammables and where a fall could cause death. Heightened caution for vulnerable subjects. Verbal warning when circumstances permit.
GO 1.3.5 / 1.3.6 — Medical Attention and Reporting	EGPD Order	EMS when injury is known or suspected. Use of Force Report required for firearm discharge, injury or alleged injury, physical force used or alleged, lethal/less-lethal application, or Level 3+ force — completed before end of shift; reviewed by the Chief; strictly internal.
18 Pa. C.S. § 4906 — False Reports	Statute	Falsifying a police report is a criminal offense. Document what happened — not what you wish had happened.
Pennsylvania Acts 57 & 59 of 2020	Statute	Act 57: statewide database of separation and disciplinary records — excessive-force discipline follows an officer between departments. Act 59: mandatory annual training in use of force and de-escalation.

Module 3 — Report Writing

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213 (1983)	Case Law	Probable cause is evaluated under the totality of the circumstances and must rest on specific articulable facts. \u201cTraining and experience\u201d is valid only when tethered to stated facts.
18 Pa. C.S. § 4904 / § 4906	Statute	Unsworn falsification and false reports. Reconstructed quotes and retroactive alterations are criminal exposure — supplement with disclosure instead.
GO 1.3, Policy — Documentation Standard	EGPD Order	\u201cOfficers using force must be able to articulate the need and justification for the use of force and the reason(s) why the level of force utilized was selected. Full disclosure of the circumstances\u2026 shall be thoroughly documented.\u201d
Contemporaneous documentation	Research	Write as soon as safely possible; review body camera footage and notes first. Memory degrades within hours; reports that conflict with footage hand defense counsel a credibility attack.

Module 4 — Crisis Intervention

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
50 P.S. § 7302 — Mental Health Procedures Act	Statute	Involuntary emergency examination (302) requires clear and present danger to self or others based on a recent overt act, attempt, or threat — documented with the specific factual basis. A civil process, not an arrest. Voluntary transport requires ongoing voluntary consent.
Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386 (1989)	Case Law	Force must be objectively reasonable for the threat as it exists at the moment — walking toward a vehicle, without more, is not a threat justifying a drawn firearm.
Pennsylvania Act 59 of 2020	Statute	Mandates annual de-escalation training, including techniques for interacting with individuals whose behavior indicates mental illness, intellectual disability, or autism.
PERF ICAT / CIT (Memphis Model)	Research	De-escalation when safe and feasible: calm low-key contact, reduce your own energy during escalation spikes, one voice, time and distance, address weapon disclosures directly and calmly.

Module 5 — Domestic Violence Response

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
GO 4.13.2 — Response Procedures	EGPD Order	No sirens or emergency lights in the vicinity; do not park directly in front; approach from flanking positions. All active domestic incidents are high risk.
GO 4.13.5(A) — Required Arrests	EGPD Order	Mandatory warrantless arrest, as in a felony, when recent physical injury or other corroborative evidence is observed and probable cause exists for a qualifying offense against a household member. Victim consent is not an element; supervisor authorization is not a precondition.
GO 4.13.6 — Seizure of Weapons	EGPD Order	The arresting officer shall seize all weapons used by the defendant in the commission of an alleged offense — secured, chain of custody, held until court disposition. Not consent-based.
GO 4.13.7 — Victim Rights Notifications	EGPD Order	Oral and written notice of safe shelter, DV services, hotline, and PFA rights under 23 Pa.C.S. Ch. 61 — with the victim\u2019s signed receipt attached to the incident report.
GO 4.13.9 / 4.13.10 — Protection Orders	EGPD Order	Arrest authorized on probable cause whether or not the violation occurred in the officer\u2019s presence; mandatory for violation of a Ch. 61 final order, with Indirect Criminal Contempt charged in addition. Notify the protected party of arrest and disposition; document as a Supplemental Incident Report.
GO 4.13.11 — Required Reports	EGPD Order	Narratives include injuries observed AND injuries described but not observed (so indicated). If probable cause existed and no arrest was made, a detailed explanation of the reasons is required.
23 Pa. C.S. Ch. 61 / § 6105; 18 Pa. C.S. §§ 2701\u20132709.1	Statute	Protection From Abuse Act and law-enforcement responsibilities; qualifying offenses for mandatory DV arrest (Simple Assault, Aggravated Assault, REAP, Terroristic Threats, Stalking, Involuntary Manslaughter).

Module 6 — Motor Vehicle Pursuits

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
Pursuits Directive — Offense Threshold	EGPD Order	Pursuit only where the offense constitutes a forcible felony against a person, or the offender is escaping with a deadly weapon or otherwise indicates they will endanger life or inflict serious bodily injury unless arrested without delay.
Pursuit Decision-Making Matrix	EGPD Order	Forcible felony: may pursue, continuously assessing risk. Property felonies, misdemeanors, infractions: do not pursue, or terminate — at every risk level.
Regulations 1\u20137 — Termination	EGPD Order	Terminate when hazard outweighs the need to apprehend; on lost radio contact; when sight is lost more than briefly; when the offender can be identified and apprehended later; immediately on supervisor order — communicated at once to dispatch (Montgomery County DEC radio). No discipline for deciding to terminate.
Regulation 8 — Firearms	EGPD Order	Discharge from a moving vehicle strictly prohibited except as the ultimate measure of self-defense or defense of another when the suspect is employing deadly force.
Regulation 9 — Ramming / PIT / Roadblocks	EGPD Order	Vehicular contact and roadblocks involve deadly force under 18 Pa. C.S. § 508 and GO 1.3.1/1.3.2 — strictly prohibited unless and only if deadly force is authorized.
Regulation 11 — Unit Limits	EGPD Order	Primary and secondary unit only, absent supervisor approval. Other units position to monitor escape routes and channel — not block — the pursuit.
Regulation 17 — Outside Pursuits	EGPD Order	Pursuits originating outside East Greenville shall not be joined or continued by East Greenville officers; the supervisor/OIC determines what assistance is provided.
75 Pa. C.S. § 3105 / Ch. 63 Subch. C	Statute	Emergency vehicle operation and pursuit provisions. Pursuit participation does not relieve the statutory duty to drive with due regard for the safety of all persons.

Module 7 — Leadership & Supervision

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968)	Case Law	Individualized reasonable articulable suspicion required for any investigative stop — group presence does not supply it. The senior officer who permits suspicionless stops trains the next violation.
18 Pa. C.S. § 3503 — Criminal Trespass	Statute	Defiant trespasser enforcement requires notice: posted signage, fencing, or direct prior communication. An owner\u2019s call to police does not substitute.
18 Pa. C.S. § 4904 — Unsworn Falsification	Statute	A report is a sworn document. Altering it under social pressure is falsification; pressure to alter gets reported to the chain of command.
PERF Leadership Research	Research	Demonstrated judgment in ambiguous situations — not seniority or test scores — is the strongest predictor of supervisory readiness. Private, direct, one-on-one correction is the highest-value supervisory action at the patrol level.

Module 8 — Traffic Stops & Vehicle Contacts

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
Pennsylvania v. Mimms, 434 U.S. 106 (1977) / Maryland v. Wilson, 519 U.S. 408 (1997)	Case Law	Officers may order the driver — and passengers — out of a lawfully stopped vehicle as a matter of course. The order must serve genuine safety purposes.
Rodriguez v. United States, 575 U.S. 348 (2015)	Case Law	A stop may not be extended beyond its purpose without independent reasonable suspicion. Refusal to consent is not reasonable suspicion.
Commonwealth v. Alexander, 243 A.3d 177 (Pa. 2020)	Case Law	Warrantless vehicle search requires probable cause AND exigent circumstances; a warrant is the default. A stopped vehicle with controlled occupants is rarely an exigency.
Commonwealth v. Barr, 266 A.3d 25 (Pa. 2021)	Case Law	Marijuana odor alone does not establish probable cause; it is one factor in the totality. Odor plus corroborating observations, documented specifically, can build probable cause.
Fields v. City of Philadelphia, 862 F.3d 353 (3d Cir. 2017)	Case Law	The First Amendment protects recording police performing official duties in public — controlling law for Pennsylvania. Do not order recording stopped; do not use officer safety as pretext.

Module 9 — Emotional Intelligence

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
GO 4.13.7 — Victim Notifications	EGPD Order	Accurate information about services, PFA rights, and process at every DV contact is a policy obligation — false reassurance about custody timelines is inconsistent with it.
23 Pa. C.S. Ch. 61 — Protection From Abuse	Statute	PFA framework underlying the honest-and-actionable victim conversation: what an order can do and how the victim advocate can assist with emergency filings.
42 Pa. C.S. §§ 5950 / 5952	Statute	Confidentiality for communications to critical incident stress management team members and trained peer support members. Knowing the actual protections lets you convey them credibly to a struggling colleague.
IACP Victim-Engagement Research	Research	Officer demeanor in the first 60 seconds is the strongest predictor of victim cooperation. Hostility, minimization, and recantation are normal trauma responses — not deception.

Module 10 — Evidence & Chain of Custody

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
Pa. R. Crim. P. 581 — Suppression	Statute	Collection and scene-preservation failures are attacked at suppression and go to the weight and credibility of the evidence at trial. The Commonwealth must establish the chain.
18 Pa. C.S. § 4902 — Perjury	Statute	Testify to what your documentation shows; acknowledge gaps without speculating. Asserting certainty about a period you cannot recall is false testimony under oath.
GO 4.13.6(B)\u2013(D) — Evidence Handling	EGPD Order	Seized items secured and processed per proper evidence collection practices, maintained with chain of custody in the property management system, held until court disposition.
Forensic Packaging Standards	Research	In-place photography before collection, scale reference, multiple angles. Biological evidence in paper — never airtight plastic; hard items in sealed, labeled plastic. Every handler documented: name, time, reason.

Module 11 — Officer Wellness

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
42 Pa. C.S. § 5950 — CISM Confidentiality	Statute	Communications from an officer to a critical incident stress management team member cannot be disclosed in legal proceedings without the officer\u2019s consent. Exceptions: clear and present danger; express consent.
42 Pa. C.S. § 5952 — Peer Support Members	Statute	Extends protections to trained peer support members (minimum 24 hours of training in listening, assessment, referral, and basic CISM).
GO 1.3.7 — Post-Incident Review and Counseling	EGPD Order	After a death or serious injury from an officer\u2019s actions: removal from line duty pending administrative review — not a suspension or discipline. Post-shooting psychological evaluation at department expense within 30 days; return to full duty on certification of fitness.
Pennsylvania Act 59 of 2020	Statute	Officers evaluated as having PTSD symptoms are placed on administrative duty until cleared — early identification is built into state law.
Ruderman Family Foundation White Paper (2018)	Research	Police officers and firefighters are more likely to die by suicide than in the line of duty; stigma around seeking help is the central barrier to early intervention.

Module 12 — De-escalation

Citation	Type	Key Rule / Application
Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386 (1989) / Tennessee v. Garner, 471 U.S. 1 (1985)	Case Law	Objective reasonableness under the totality — the subject\u2019s mental state and whether the threat is self-directed are part of the totality. Garner bounds deadly force against fleeing subjects.
50 P.S. § 7302 — Mental Health Procedures Act	Statute	302 involuntary examination: severely mentally disabled and in need of immediate treatment — clear and present danger evidenced by the officer\u2019s observations. A civil process; not a shortcut around de-escalation that is working.
GO 1.3, Policy — Humanity and Control	EGPD Order	All persons treated with humanity, courtesy, and dignity; officers shall not engage in acts that might incite physical aggression; emphasis on obtaining control rather than forcing submission. Verbal Control is Level 1 — the foundation.
PERF ICAT / CIT	Research	Time and distance are tactical assets; a subject who is talking is not acting. Hold backup when tactical movement escalates the subject; request CIT or mobile crisis rather than closing. CIT-trained responses measurably reduce use-of-force rates.

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